According to Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, which cognitive structures are built by a developing child?

The correct answer centers around the components of cognitive development described by Piaget. In Piaget's framework, cognitive structures are often referred to as "schemes" which represent organized patterns of thought and behavior that are used to make sense of the world. As children engage with their environment, they build and adapt these mental structures, which can include various forms of knowledge and understanding, such as mental maps and networked concepts that help them navigate and interpret experiences.

While the other options present concepts that relate to different fields or aspects of child development, they do not reflect the specific cognitive structures highlighted in Piaget's theory. The developmental stages mentioned describe the progress of cognitive capabilities in children (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational) but do not directly represent the groundwork, or cognitive structures, being built. Formative and summative assessments are educational evaluation methods and do not pertain to cognitive development as defined by Piaget. Lastly, empathy, altruism, and cooperation are social-emotional skills rather than cognitive structures developed through learning. Thus, the emphasis on mental maps, schemes, and concept networks aligns closely with Piaget's view of how a child constructs understanding and knowledge through cognitive development.