What is the focus of Stage 4 in Kohlberg’s Moral Development?

Stage 4 of Kohlberg's Moral Development is characterized by a focus on maintaining law and order. At this stage, individuals recognize the importance of social order and the functioning of society. They believe that it is crucial to obey laws and rules to uphold societal structure and ensure communal welfare. This understanding evolves from earlier stages where moral reasoning is primarily centered on individual interests or the approval of others.

Those in Stage 4 view laws as essential for protecting the rights of individuals and the community as a whole. They see conformity to the law not only as a personal choice but as a necessity for preserving order in society. Following rules is perceived as a duty, and there is an emphasis on doing one's part to sustain social stability.

In contrast, the other options reflect different aspects of moral reasoning or stages. For example, personal values guiding decisions denote a more individualized approach to morality, while social conformity and approval focus on interpersonal relationships and peer acceptance. Understanding diverse opinions on morality suggests an awareness of multiple perspectives but is not the primary focus of Stage 4, which is firmly rooted in adherence to laws and the maintenance of social order.